For some reason, Microsoft decided to prevent ICMP packets by default in their firewall. Here's a command to reenable them.
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule protocol=icmpv4:8,any dir=in action=allow name="Core Networking – Answer an echo request [ping] (ICMPv4-In)" description="Allows this computer to answer IPv4 ICMP echo requests (ping). This rule was added by the sysadmin." profile=any interfacetype=any